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Ильченко

1) Общие сведения

1.1. Понятие инфинитива

Инфинитив (неопределенная форма глагола) представляет собой неличную глагольную форму, которая только называет действие, не указывая ни лица, ни числа. Формальным признаком инфинитива является частица to.

1.2. Формы английского инфинитива

Инфинитив имеет формы времени и залога.

Active

Passive

Indefinite

to ask

to be asked

Continuous

to be asking

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Perfect

to have asked

to have been asked

Perfect Continuous

to have been asking

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1.3. Функции инфинитива в предложении

В предложении инфинитив может выполнять следующие функции:

  1. подлежащее (Subject) – To compromise appears advisable.

  2. именная часть составного именного сказуемого (Predicative) – His greatest wish was to tell her everything.

  3. часть составного глагольного сказуемого (Part of a Compound Verbal Predicate) – He seemed to know all about it. He must know her address. I’m happy to hear it.

  4. дополнение (Object) – He didn’t want to be left alone.

  5. определение (Attribute) – He gave her permission to leave.

  6. обстоятельство (Adverbial Modifier):

  1. цели (Adverbial Modifier of Purpose) – I did my best to stop her.

  2. следствия (Adverbial Modifier of Consequence) – He was old enough to be her father.

  3. образа действия (Adverbial Modifier of Manner) – She nervously moved her hand towards his lips as if to stop him.

  4. сопутствующих обстоятельств (Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances) – She was driven away, never to visit this neighbourhood.

  1. вводный член предложения (Parenthesis) – To tell the truth, I’m sick and tired of this nonsense.

  2. инфинитивные конструкции (Infinitive Constructions):

  1. оборот «for + Noun (Pronoun) + Infinitive» (the for-to-Infinitive

Construction) – The water was too cold for the children to bathe.

  1. оборот «Объектный падеж с инфинитивом» (the Objective-with-

the-Infinitive Construction) – I want him to help me.

  1. оборот «Именительный падеж с инфинитивом» (the Subjective

Infinitive Construction) – He is said to know Chinese very well.