Практические задания

• Упражнение 1. Найдите русские соответствия английским ФЕ:

To keep one's fingers crossed

On the face of it

Can the leopard change his spots?

A slip of the tongue

In the nick of time

A lame duck

Break a leg!

Alpha and Omega

To keep an eye on something

The black sheep (of the family)

To make (both) ends meet

Out of the blue

To fall between two stools

By fair means or foul

A fly in the ointment

Let sleeping dog lie

To win with a narrow margin

• Упражнение 2. Прочитайте предложения. Определите спосо­бы перевода фразеологических единиц.

1. Не was sorry for MacGown! There he sat, poor devil! With every one getting up round him, still, and red as a turkey-cock. (J. Galsworthy, The Silver Spoon, part III, ch. VIII)

Ему было жаль Мак-Гауна. Все вокруг него встали, а бедняга сидел неподвижно, красный как индюк.

2. If Mrs. Henry might have read between the lines, she might have had more knowledge of her husband's nature. (R. L. Stevenson, The Master of Ballantrae, ch. IV)

Если бы миссис Генри могла читать между строк, она могла бы лучше знать характер своего мужа.

3....he had, in fact, burned the candle at both ends, but he had never been unready to do his fellows a good turn. (J. Galsworthy, Villa Rubein, ch. 3)

...действительно, он прожигал жизнь, но всегда был готов оказать товарищам дружескую услугу.

4."A pretty kettle of fish," he muttered. "Where it'll end, I can't tell." (J. Galsworthy, The White Monkey, part III, ch. VIII)

"Ну и заварилась каша, — пробормотал Сомc, — не знаю, чем все это кончится".

5. Fieta looked at the man to see whether he was pulling her leg. White people didn't write books about coloured people. (P. Abrahams, The Path of Thunder, book II, ch. 3)

Фиета покосилась на молодого человека: не вздумал ли он морочить ей голову. Белые не пи шут книги о цветных.

6."You see," he heard say James, "we can't have it all begin over again. There's а limit; we must strike while the iron's hot." (J. Galsworthy, In Chancery, part I, ch. 9)

"И ты понимаешь, — слышал он голос Джеймса, — мы не можем допустить, чтобы все это началось теперь снова. Есть предел всему, и нужно ковать железо, пока горячо".

7. What did he know of her — he had only loved her all her life, looked on her as the apple of his eye! (J. Galsworthy, To Let, part III, ch. 8)

Что он знает о ней? Он так любил ее всю жизнь, берег как зеницу ока.

• Упражнение 3. Проанализируйте и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The mere sound of that ugly name made his blood run cold.

2. He would stand second to none in his devotion to the custom.

3. He knew how the land lay between his hopes and the number of missions Colonel Cathcart was constantly increasing.

4. I thought it my duty to warn you, but I am prepared to take the rough and the smooth.

5. In short, gentlemen, I come to you bearing an olive branch.

6. At last he would return, like a prodigal son, gloomy, worn out, and disgusted with himself.

7. One look showed Swithin his condition. Drunk again. This was the last straw.

8. My uncle was a rich man – in other words, he paid the piper.

• Упражнение 4. Переведите следующие предложения, содержащие английские фразеологические сочетания из сферы бизнеса и финансов, ис­пользуя для справок определения выделенных курсивом выраже­ний:

1. In the times of stagflation many overseas companies pulled over, but somehow we managed to buck the trend, [stagflation - stagna­tion and inflation] [to pull over - to withdraw from (a business)] [to buck the trend - to do well when other business are doing badly]

2. Let's deal him in and give him a piece of the cake, [to deal smb in -to include smb in an activity or business] [to give smb a piece of cake - to share or divide profits with another person]

3. The manager has put our project into cold storage, so it is still up in the air. [to put smth (usu. a plan or a project) into a cold storage -to put off for consideration at a later date] [up in the air - unset­tled]

4. The company has gone on the hook recently, [to go on the hook -to start having debts]

5. The business is slack, and our sales level hardly reaches the break­even point, [break-even point - a point at which sales cover costs but do not show profits]

6. The proposal went over big with big business. [to go over big – to succeed; to be approved of] [big business – the world of large, powerful business organizations]

7. All we understood from his double-dutch was that it was supposed to be a Dutch party. [double-dutch – speech or writing that sounds meaningless and cannot be understood] [a Dutch party = meal – the one at each everybody pays for himself]

• Упражнение 5. Сравните английские версии фразео­логизмов, имеющих библейское про­исхождение, с русскими. Переведи­те предложения.

1. But I refuse to condemn others for the mote in their eye when there is a beam in my own.

2. В чужом-то глазу и соломинка бревном гля­дится.

3. They condemned her unanimously, and each and every crowded forward to cast the first stone, lest it might be thought that there was even one among them not without sin.

4. Я не знаю, все бросают в меня каменьями, Пусть! Я бы все-таки не променяла своего несчастия на их счастие, нет!

5. Ah, Robbie, you asked them for bread, and they have given you a stone.

6. Ваша помощь для меня — что камень вместо хлеба.

7. The teacher searched his heart trying to decide if he had been unfair in failing Torn.

8. Лишь стало поспокойнее и лучше, какой-то скорбный, мучительный голос звал меня за­глянуть в свое сердце, и я не узнал себя.

9. But to worship the molten calf for eighteen shillings a week? Oh, pitiful, pitiful!

10. Слабые люди ноне пошли, нет поборников, нет подвижников! Забыв Бога, златому тель­цу поклоняются!

• Упражнение 6. Следующие фразы могут иметь прямое и переносное значения. В предложениях, приведенных ниже, выделенные фразы используются в переносном значении. Определите эти значения и переведите предложения на русский язык.

drop the ball

go to the wall

go to town

go a long way

give somebody the bird

1. There are people who would like to see me fall, but I won’t drop the ball.

2. A total of 1776 companies went to the wall in the three months.

3. Our team is going to town this year. We have won all five games that we played.

4. Mark my words, that young friend of yours will go a long way.

5. He made a couple of mistakes and the crowd gave him immediately the bird.

• Упражнение 7. Прочтите и проанализируйте следующие предложения, содержащие измененные фразеологические обороты. Сопоставьте их с предложенным вариантом перевода и определите как были переведены данные фразеологизмы.

1. `You owe it to yourself and you owe it to the children.' He'd better not let me catch sight of him. I'd thrash him within an inch of his life." – Это ваша обязанность перед собой и перед детьми тоже. Пусть он лучше мне на глаза не попадается. Я задам ему такую взбучку, что он своих не узнает. (to thrash one's jacket, to thrash the life out of smb. – выбить дух из кого-л., основательно побить кого-л.)

2. …but one of the falsest of proverbs is that you must lie on the bed that you have made … – Не правду говорят, будто что посеешь, то и пожнешь.(as you make your bed, so you must lie upon it – что посеешь, то и пожнешь)

3. How can you care for the opinion of the crowd, when you don't care twopence for the opinion of the individual?" – Как можно заботиться о мнении толпы, если в грош не ставишь мнение одного человека. (I won’t give twopence for\care twopence what …-- относится безразлично )

4. He gave a little start, and then suddenly burst into a shout of laughter. He laughed so uproariously that people sitting near us looked round, and some of them began to laugh too. − Он даже привскочил на месте и разразился громким хохотом. Смеялся он так заразительно, что сидевшие поблизости обернулись к нему, а потом и сами начали смеяться. (to burst into tears (into laughter) -- залиться слезами (смехом)

Проанализировав следующие предложения с видоизмененными фразеологизмами, попытайтесь перевести их:

1. The spade was not invariably called a bloody shovel.

2. The suggestion sent a ray of hope in all their breasts, but I would have nothing to do with it.

3. Because I did not laugh at him he was grateful to me, and he used to pour into my sympathetic ear the long list of his troubles.

4. You rejoice in your freedom, and you feel that at last you can call your soul your own. You seem to walk with your head among the stars.

5. "Can the law get blood out of a stone? I haven't any money. I've got about a hundred pounds.

6. The Japanese try to make hell while the sun shines.

7. “He complained to Fleur that the book dealt with nothing but birds in the bush.”

• Упражнение 8. Проанализировав следующие предложения, содержащие фразеологизмы с национальным компонентом, дайте русский перевод этих предложений.

1. Oh, by the way, if you want a bath, take one. There ain’t a Peeping Tom on the place.

2. These rains and grey sky during your summer holiday can make each day seem like a month of Sundays.

3. I have translated it here, not in verse… but at least in the King’s English.

4. You cannot sell a gun to any Tom, Dick or Harry. It is very difficult to obtain a legally held gun.

5. For the first time in our life we lived the life of Riley. We did not have to think about anything.

6. The wealthy and powerful never liked the man on the Clapman omnibus.