Раздел IV. Фразеология

Упражнение 1. Установите, какие из приведенных словосочетаний являются свободными сочетаниями, и какие - фразеологическими единицами.

A new mop, a new broom, red herring, smoked herring, to call smb names, to call smb by the first name, to have the face to do smth, to have an attractive face, to have no stomach for smth, to have a stomachache, to suit one’s book, to suit one’s image.

Упражнение 2. Классифицируйте следующие фразеологические единицы согласно существующим классификациям (классификации В.В. Виноградова, А.И. Смирницкого, Н.Н. Амосовой, А.В. Кунина).

To follow one’s instructions to the letter, to throw light on the matter, to be a fish out of water, oh, my eye, damn your eyes, to be given a sack, palm grease, to knock smb down with a feather, a dead heat, to have a bee in one’s bonnet, to be wounded to the quick, to keep a stiff upper lip, a light sleeper, to fall ill, to go bad, a bosom friend, to play gooseberry, naked room, to keep minute.

Упражнение 3. Установите значение следующих фразеологизмов, объясните их происхождение.

Blow one’s own trumpet, dance attendance on smb, win the wooden spoon, the massacre of the innocents, thirty pieces of silver, Hercules’ labour, to wash one’s hands of smth, baker’s dozen, to bury the hatchet, under the aegis of smth, to eat one’s words, to gild the pill (sugar, sugarcoat or sweeten), to come at the eleventh hour, castles in the air (in Spain), to have a skeleton in the closet, lion’s share, What will Mrs. Grundy say?, to grin like a Cheshire cat.

Упражнение 4. Объясните суть приема, использованного авторами в приведенных ниже фрагментах. Назовите исходные фразеологические единицы.

1) Castles in the air are all right until we try to move into them. (John O’Hara).

2) In my country you let sleeping dogs lie, but when they wake up and bite, you shoot them. (I. Fleming)

3) The trouble with blackmailers is that while they make their living out of skeletons which are in other people’s closets, they necessarily have to have a whole closetful of their own skeletons (E.S. Gardner).

4) Doctor: This is a very sad case. I must regret to tell you that your wife’s mind is gone – completely gone. Husband: I am not at all surprised. She’s been giving me a piece of it for fifteen years.

5) Women take to good-hearted men. Also from.

6) Guide: There is a leopard coming! Shoot him on the spot! Quick!

Tourist: Which spot? Be specific, man.

7) A committee is a body that keeps minutes but wastes hours.

8) A man in the house is worth two in the street. (Mae West)

9) Dick got up to Zurich on less Achilles’ heels than would be necessary to equip a centipede. (F. Scott Fitzgerald)

10) ‘You’re the solid one, you do the work. It’s a case of hare and tortoise – and in my opinion the hare’s race is almost done.’ (F. Scott Fitzgerald)

Упражнение 5. Переведите следующие пословицы и приведите соответствующий эквивалент в русском языке.

One swallow doesn’t make a summer.

You can lead a horse to water but you can’t make it drink.

Never look a gift horse in the mouth.

Never judge a book by its colour.

People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.

Many hands make light work.

When the cat is away, the mice will play.

Let sleeping dogs lie.