Text 1. London Underground

1. The paragraphs in the texts are not in the correct order. Put the text into the logical order and give title to each paragraph.

▪the necessity for building underground; ▪opening of underground;

▪the way it moves; ▪different symbols

▪nowadays we are happy to have it;

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The Metropolitan Railway bought specially designed steam locomotives to run through its tunnels. These were supposed to consume their own smoke by diverting it into the engine’s water tanks. In practice, the same had to be frequently expelled, necessitating the construction of ventilation shafts to the ground above.

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It was thanks to horse drawn vehicles, like stage coaches, and the congestion they caused in London’s streets, that people turned their thoughts to constructing an underground railway.

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Over the ensuing years, the London Underground expanded throughout the centre of the capital and beyond. Today’s network covers 415 kilometers, over one-third of them in tube tunneling, and over 2.8 million journeys are made on the Underground each day.

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London Underground has always been at the forefront of innovative design. Its distinctive symbol with its bright red circle and blue bar is a familiar sight around the city and its suburbs. An earlier version, with a solid red disc, first appeared on station platforms in 1908 as a way of displaying the station’s name. The famous Underground line diagram, originally designed by Henry Beck in 1931, has become an internationally acknowledged masterpiece.

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When it was opened in 1863, the London Underground, or ‘tube’ as it is affectionately known, was the world’s first urban underground railway. The first line ran between Paddington and Farringdon via King’s Cross and was operated by the Metropolitan Railway. Despite reports in The Times that Londoners would never take to traveling underground, the new railway was an immediate success.