English
Читання голосних Загальна характеристика голосних
Однією з відмінних рис англійської системи голосних є наявність довгих та коротких звуків. Довгі голосні: [i:], [a:], [o:], [u:], [ə:]; короткі голосні: [ı], [ʌ], [o], [u], [æ], [e], [ə]. Довгота звука або його короткість можуть впливати на значення слова.
Дифтонгами називаються звуки, які складаються з двох елементів. Дифтонгів в англійській мові є вісім: [eı], [ou], [aı], [au], [oı], [ıə], [ɛə], [uə].
Вимова голосних залежить від положення складу, до якого вони входять (наголошеного або ненаголошеного), типу наголошеного складу, сполучення з іншими голосними, сполученням з наступними голосними. Зі свого боку голосні можуть впливати на вимову приголосних.
В англійській мові є чотири типи наголошених складів, в яких голосні букви читаються по-різному. В односкладовому слові, слід визначити тип складу, тобто чи це закритий чи відкритий склад. Закритий склад, як відомо, закінчується на приголосний (bad, pan), відкритий – на голосний. Існують також умовно-відкриті склади, в яких наголошена голосна відокремлена від кінцевого німого e будь-якою приголосною. Читання голосних в закритих та відкритих складах змінюється в залежності від наявності букви r після голосної.
| голосна буква | закритий склад | відкритий склад | закритий склад з буквою r після голосної | відкритий склад з буквою r після голосної |
| a | map [æ] | take [eı] | car [a:] | care [eə] |
| o | bond [Ɔ] | tone [ou] | tore [Ɔ:] | bore [Ɔ:] |
| e | bed [e] | Pete [ı:] | merge [ə:] | mere [ıə] |
| u | must [Λ] | cute [ju:] | turn [ə:] | cure [juə] |
| i | did [ı] | time [aı] | dirt [ə:] | dire [aıə] |
| y | gym [ı] | type [aı] | myrtle [ə:] | tyre [aıə] |
Кожна голосна буква в англійській мові може передавати чотири різні звуки в залежності від типу складу. У закритому складі всі букви вимовляються коротко. У відкритому складі всі букви мають алфавітне звучання.
У третьому типі складів сполучення голосних з буквою r (або r + голосна) передають довгі звуки, дифтонги.
Содержание
- Т.В. Барамикова, л.П. Ільєнко, т.С. Макарська, м.В. Рогачова, н.Д. Ганчик, к.Б. Кугай, і.О. Нікіфорова, а.В. Спіжова Practical course of English
- А.Е. Левицький
- Н.М. Нестеренко
- І.В. Каташинська
- Передмова
- Introduction
- Recording by own voice
- 2. Read and translate the following text:
- I am a student of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design
- 3. Find the answers to the questions:
- 4. Complete the sentences:
- 5. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- 6. True or false statements:
- III Grammar skills.
- 1. Choose the correct form:
- 2. Complete the sentences with:
- 3. Put the words into the correct word order:
- 4. Match the question words and answers:
- 5. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- 6. Translate into English:
- IV Communicative skills.
- 2. Speak on the following situations:
- V Rendering.
- 1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary. My family
- 2. Make up a plan in the form of questions.
- II Reading skills.
- 1. An ancient city древнє, стародавнє місто
- 2. Read and translate the following text: Kyiv
- 3. Find the answers to the questions:
- III Grammar Skills.
- 7. Use either the Simple Present or the Present Progressive of the verbs in brackets:
- 8. Translate into English:
- 9. Ask questions to the following answers:
- IV Communicative Skills.
- 2. Make up dialogues according to the model:
- V Rendering.
- A letter to a friend
- 2. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- The Present Progressive Tense
- Вживання The Present Progressive Tense
- 2. Read and translate the text. Ukraine is my Homeland
- 4. Match the words:
- III Grammar skills.
- 4. Complete the sentences with the verb “to write” in the appropriate form:
- 7. Make 16 pronouns and translate them:
- 9. Make sentences using when and the Past Continuous or the Past Simple of
- 10. Translate into English:
- IV Communicative skills.
- 2. Make up a plan in the form of questions.
- Contraction
- The Past Progressive (Continuous) Tense
- 1. Form
- Похідні від some, any, no
- Used to
- II Reading skills.
- 1. Read and remember:
- 2. Read and translate the following text:
- Introducing London
- 3. Find the answers to the questions:
- 2. Open the brackets using the Present Perfect or the Past Simple Tense and translate
- 3. Complete the sentences using the proper degree of comparison of adjectives:
- IV Communicative skills.
- 1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- 2. Speak on the following situations:
- V Rendering.
- 1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: Getting about London
- 2. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- Present Perfect / Past Indefinite
- Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives
- 3. Find the answers to the questions:
- 4. Match the words:
- 5. True or false statements:
- III Grammar skills.
- 1. Choose the correct form:
- 2. Complete the sentences:
- 3. Put the words into correct word order:
- 4. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- 5. Choose the correct form:
- 6. Translate into English:
- IV Communicative skills.
- 1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- 2. Make a plan in the form of questions.
- Possessive case
- Утворення
- 3. Find the answers to the questions:
- 4. Ask questions оn the points below and answer them:
- 5. Get ready to speak about the following:
- 6. Complete the sentences using the prepositions against, at, bу, for, in, оn, of, to where necessary:
- 7. Match the sentence parts:
- III Grammar skills.
- 1. Add "the " in the spaces where necessary:
- 2. Choose the correct form:
- 3. Complete the sentences:
- 4. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- 5. Put the words into correct word order:
- 6. Transform sentences into exclamations:
- 7. Translate into English:
- IV Communicative skills.
- 1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- 2. Complete the dialogue:
- V Rendering.
- 1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: Who rules the country?
- 2. Make up a plan in the form of questions.
- The Future Simple Tense
- Exclamation sentences
- II Reading skills.
- 1. Read and remember:
- 2. Read and translate the following text: canada
- 3. Find the answers to the following questions:
- 4. Match the words:
- III Grammar skills.
- 1. Translate into Ukrainian:
- 2. Choose the correct form: can, be able to, must, had to, could, may, be allowed to.
- IV Communicative skills.
- 2. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- 4. Listen to the text once again and answer the questions:
- Can, may, must and their equivalents
- Prepositions
- 3. Answer the following questions:
- 2. Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks:
- 3. Put the verb in brackets in an appropriate tense form:
- 4. Put the verb into the correct form:
- 5. Ask questions to which the following statements are the answers:
- IV Communicative skills.
- 1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them.
- 2. Speak on the following situations:
- V Rendering.
- 1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary:
- 2. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- Future Perfect
- Questions
- Question words
- Tag – questions or Disjunctive questions.
- I Phonetic skills.
- II Reading skills.
- Higher Education in Ukrainian Educational System
- III Grammar skills.
- IV Communicative Skills.
- V Rendering.
- Higher Education in the usa
- VI Comprehensive skills.
- 2. Listen to the text ‘Higher Education: Universities in Great Britain’ and try to understand it.
- 3. True or false sentences:
- I Phonetic skills.
- Light industry as it was and as it is
- III Grammar skills.
- 1. Choose the correct form: active or passive.
- 2. Transform the following sentences from Active into Passive Voice.
- 3. Transform the following sentences from Passive into Active Voice.
- 4. Complete the sentences with by or with.
- 6. Put the verb into the correct form: Active or Passive Voice.
- 2. Speak on the following situations:
- V Rendering
- Information technologies in manufacturing
- 2. Make up a plan of the text in a form of questions.
- Unit 11
- Grammar: The Infinitive and the Infinitive constructions
- I Phonetic skills.
- 1. Listen and repeat:
- II Reading skills.
- Engineering and Technological Progress
- IV Communicative skills.
- 2) (Reading for an examination)
- 3) (At the examination)
- V Rendering.
- Automation
- VI Comprehensive skills.
- 2. Listen to the text “My future speciality” and try to understand it.
- 3. True or False statements:
- The Infinitive
- The functions of The Infinitive
- Предикативні інфінітивні звороти
- 3. Infinitive Construction introduced by the preposition for.
- 3. Find the answers to the questions:
- 4. Complete the sentences:
- 5. Match the words:
- 6. True or false statements:
- III Grammar skills.
- 2. Complete the sentences:
- 3. Put the words into correct word order:
- 4. Join the sentences using Participle I:
- 5. Choose the correct form:
- 6. Define the form of the gerund, using the table and translate the sentences:
- IV Communicative skills
- 2. Make up a plan in the form of questions.
- The form and functions of Participle II
- I have my shoes mended in that shop. – я ремонтую туфлі у цій майстерні.
- The Gerund
- Unit 13
- 3. Find the answers to the questions:
- 4. Complete the sentences:
- 5. Match the words that go together:
- III Grammar Skills.
- IV Communicative Skills.
- V Rendering.
- On the importance of the conference
- VI Comprehensive Skills.
- 3. True or false statements:
- Direct and Reported Speech
- Unit 14
- I Phonetic skills.
- 1. Listen and repeat:
- 2. Listen and remember the following words and phrases:
- II Reading skills.
- 1. Read and remember:
- 2. Read and translate the following text. What is the Internet?
- 3. Find the answers to the questions:
- 2. Put the verb into correct form Present Real or Present Unreal Conditional:
- 3. Transform the sentences using conditionals:
- 4. Complete the sentences in your own way using conditionals:
- 5. Translate into English:
- IV Communicative skills.
- 1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- 2. Arrange the utterances from the conversations in the logical order:
- VI Comprehensive skills.
- 1. “If” показує, що ми не впевнені, чи відбудеться дія. “when” підкреслює типовість та регулярність дії.
- 3. Find the answers to the questions:
- 2. Choose the correct form of the verb:
- 3. Put the words in the sentences into correct word order:
- 4. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- 5. Translate into English:
- IV Communicative skills.
- 1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- V Rendering.
- 1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: Ecological Problems
- 2. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- Compound sentences
- Фонетичний довідник
- Англійський алфавіт
- Читання голосних Загальна характеристика голосних
- Читання приголосних
- Приголосні фонеми
- Тексти для позакласного читання the english language
- Why are many English words pronounced differently from the way they are spelt?
- Kyivo-pecherska lavra
- Museum of great patriotic war
- Babyn yar
- St. Sophia's cathedral
- Andriyivsky descent
- Folk architecture and life museum pyrohovo
- St. Michael's golden-domed cathedral
- Khreschatyk
- City of London
- Palace of westminster
- Clock tower, palace of westminster
- Trafalgar square
- British museum
- Parliament of the United Kingdom
- Buckingham Palace
- St Paul's Cathedral
- Why do the British like going to the pub?
- What is the most popular food in Britain?
- What are the most common superstitions in Britain?
- How do the British spend their leisure time?
- How are the police organised?
- When can the police carry guns?
- What is the oldest university in Britain?
- What are Britain's national costumes?
- What is haggis?
- Is it true that a lot of British dishes are named after places?
- At what age do children go to school in Britain?
- What are the different types of secondary school?
- Why are ‘public’ schools so called?
- Why does the Queen have two birthdays?
- Why the heir to the throne is called the Prince of Wales?
- How should one address someone with a title?
- What powers does the Queen have?
- Privy Council
- Why doesn’t Britain have a written constitution?
- What was the Magna Carta?
- Why are Ambassadors sent to the Court of St. James’s?
- How does Britain elect its government?
- Devolution to Scotland and Wales
- What are the origins of the names of the main political parties?
- How is the Speaker chosen?
- What is a ‘whip’ in Parliament?
- Washington
- American originals
- Living in the usa
- Canadian ways
- Toronto
- Ukrainians in canada
- Australia. Land and people
- People and culture
- Aborigines
- Australian ways
- New zealand. Land and people
- New zealand. Customs and traditions
- Customs and traditions
- Cambridge
- American universities
- Engineering as a profession
- Fashion designers
- Designer
- Costume designer
- Graphic design
- Christian Dior Fashion Designer (1905-1957)
- Coco Chanel
- The 1st international scientific practical conference "artificial intelligence - 2000" september 11-16, 2000 katsiveli (crimea, ukraine)
- The expocentre of ukraine
- "Fabrics. Threads. Accessories"
- Fta exhibition
- Bbc world service
- Prehistory of technologies
- Tomas edison
- Internet
- History of the Internet
- Internet café
- Bill Gates
- Balance of Nature
- The Problem of pollution in Ukraine
- Recycling
- Англо-український словник a
- Барамикова Тетяна Василівна