Lilliputian train*

One of Moscow designers* [to make – Present Indefinite] micro models of different vehicles* – this [to be – Present Indefinite] his hobby. His first model [to be – Past Indefinite] a plane; its weight [to be – Past Indefinite] 0.35 gr., it [to work – Past Indefinite] and [to make – Past Indefinite] several circuits in the air. In the last 10 years he [to construct – Past Indefinite] 8 unique working micro models. He [to make – Past Indefinite] them of wood with the help of a knife.

His collection [to include –Present Indefinite] a little locomotive and a car – 13 and 18 cm long respectively. The locomotive [to consist – Present Indefinite] of 2,566 separate parts and the car – of 1,035. It [to take – Past Indefinite] him 4 months to study the locomotive design and 15 months to build this model. The locomotive and the car [to work – Present Indefinite] like* full-size models, even down to* the gears* – including one for reverse*. There [to be – Present Indefinite] even a two-note whistle* 1 mm. long. You can control the whole operation from the locomotive.

Notes: lilliputian train – поезд-лилипут designer – конструктор

vehicle – транспортное средство like – как

reverse gear – шестерня заднего хода down to – вплоть до

whistle – свисток

Ex.15. Express the idea in the Present, Past and Future Indefinite (use the adverbials).

1) Passengers [to cross] the railway lines by the bridge. 2) A lab assistant [to show] the equipment to the students. 3) The automobile plant [to produce] 1,000 cars daily. 4) The students [to repeat] new words before the lesson. 5) He [to have] enough time to do this work. 6) Our dean [to deliver] a course of lectures on Physics. 7) The airplane [to leave] at noon. 8) The trains [to be late] because of track repair works. 9) The buses [to run] every five minutes. 10) The mechanic from the garage [to do] simple radio repair. 11) Summer holidays [to begin] in July. 12) It [to cost] a lot of money to go to England by air. 13) Robots [to substitute] people in some monotonous operations. 14) Railway lines [to connect] all parts of this country. 15) This company [to provide] us with all the necessary equipment. 16) We [to meet] every Sunday.

Ex.16. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the tense form of the predicates in the Passive Voice. Put general questions and special questions to the underlined words.

1) The traffic was stopped by the policeman so that the ambulance could pass.[Why…?] 2) The tickets will be checked by the conductorduring the journey.[When…?] 3) Since Paris is locatedin the center of the country[Where…?], the passengers who spend a day in the capital can reach any city the same evening. 4) The renewal of signaling equipment on all the railroads will be financed bythe government.[Whom…?] 5) More than a million students were enrolled to the institutes and universities of this countrylast year.[When…?] 6) The air in the London Underground is changedevery quarter of an hour[How often…?] and the temperature is maintained at 69-79 degrees Fahrenheit all year round. 7) The trains of the future will be operated byautomatic drivers.[Whom…?] 8) The first escalator was installed in the London Undergroundin 1911.[When…?] 9) The new car will be testedon the mountain roads.[Where…?] 10) A lot of roads in the USA were built byprivatecompanies[What…?] and are paid to use; they are called toll[платный] roads. 11) At the factoryyoung workersare trained to use the new equipment.[Who…?]

Ex.17. Make up sentences using the verbs in the Passive Voice.

Model: the meeting/ for some time/ to put off. → The meeting was put off for some time.

1) to increase/ the number of passengers/ usually/ in summertime.

2) tomorrow/ a film about the history of the railway transport/ the students/ to show.

3) to put off/ the experiments/ after the accident/ for an indefinite time.

4) to buy/ in this travel agency/ last week/ the train tickets.

5) to equip/ with up-to-date computers and other electronic devices/ our office.

6) next week/ an interesting exhibition/ to open/ in the Hermitage.

7) by them/ in the working plan/ no changes/ to make.

8) soon after his departure/ to receive/ his letter.

9) up-to-date/ to sell/ in this shop/ computers.

10) to the chief engineer/ yesterday/ two new engineers/ to introduce.

11) to reconstruct/ next month/ the old bridge.

12) by the ticket inspector/ I/ to wake up.

Ex.18. Put the verbs in brackets into the required tense form and translate the sentences.

1) It [to take– Present Indefinite Active]passengers 7 hours to get from Moscow to St. Petersburg if they[to go–Present Indefinite Active]by overnight “Red Arrow” passenger train. 2) Hundreds of jobs[to create– Future Indefinite Passive]after the building of this plant. 3) Special equipment[to use–Present IndefinitePassive]for the construction of railways. 4) The first steam locomotive in Russia[to test–Past Indefinite Passive]in Nizhniy Tagil. 5) This[to be–Present Indefinite Active]an excellent computer which[to serve–Future Indefinite Active]you many years. 6) The first Stephenson’s locomotive[to call–Past Indefinite Passive]“The Rocket”. 7) In the past, messages from Europe to America[to send–Past Indefinite Passive]by ships. 8) Four million passengers a year[totravel–Present Indefinite Active]the Helsinki-Tallinn route. 9) All passenger coaches[to equip–Present Indefinite Passive]with electric heating system. 10) Before 1947 the British Railways[to own–Past Indefinite Passive]by four private companies. 11) In London we[to transfer–Future Indefinite Active]from the train to a bus. 12) Passengers[to ask–Past Indefinite Passive]to show their tickets.

Ex.19. Choose the correct voice form of the predicates and translate the sentences.

1) A large number of cars [parked; were parked]near the railway station. 2) The speed of Metro trains[reaches; is reached]90 km/h. 3) This railway company[willtransport; will be transported]freight only. 4) Wood[replaced; was replaced]by steel as a material for constructing passenger cars. 5) I[work; am worked]for a construction company which has a lot of contracts in other countries. 6) The windows of his car[make; are made]of unbreakable glass. 7) We[left; were left]our car in the parking lot near the terminal. 8) Sleepers[hold; are held]the two rails at the right distance. 9) You[willmeet; will be met]by an agent from the travel bureau at the airport. 10) Special railroads such as funiculars[use;are used]on steep grades in the Alps. 11) The driver[told;was told]his passengers to fasten their safety belts.

Ex.20. Change the following sentences

1. from Active into Passive

1) The high-speed railway line connects Paris and London. 2) Electric motors will drive the cars in the future. 3) The engineers estimated the cost of the new terminal construction. 4) I bought train tickets two days ago. 5) Radio facilitates communication with the remotest parts of the country. 6) We shall discuss their project next week. 7) The state spends large sums of money to train highly-qualified engineers. 8) The Cherepanovs constructed the first steam locomotive in Russia. 9) Ventilation provides a constant supply of fresh air in hot weather. 10) The workers laid down the railway line ahead of time. 11) On early railways people called conductors “the captain of the train”. 12) Our scientists solve many important problems. 13) We shall study a book about the mechanization of transportation next term. 14) The engineers increased the speed of the new electric locomotive. 15) They obtained similar results in all the experiments.

2. from Passive into Active

1) Several cities will be linked by this railway line. 2) This river is crossed by 29 bridges. 3) The out-of-date computers were replaced by modern electronic machines. 4) The new project was given much attention by all the newspapers. 5) General engineering subjects are included in the program of the first-year students. 6) The course of lectures in Physics will be delivered by our dean. 7) Entrance exams are taken in summer. [applicants] 8) These motors were produced at our plant. 9) I was given an interesting article to read. [my friend] 9) Houses, bridges, railways are built by civil engineers. 10) Energy is produced by power stations. 11) John will be appointed monitor of the group. [the dean] 12) The Earth is surrounded by atmosphere. 13) The lecturer was listened to with great attention. [all the students] 14) A profound study of theory will be accompanied by practical training.

Ex.21.Find grammar mistakes in the following sentences and correct them. The number of mistakes is pointed out in brackets.

1) When our train will start? [1]2) The first automatic driver tested under the Moscow Underground.[2]3) There is 2 types bus stops in Britain – the compulsory stop and the request stop.[2]4) We were inform of our train delay.[1]5) How was calculated the distance to Mars?[1]6) Where did he bought the airplane tickets?[1]7) The length the Great Trans-Siberian Railway are 8,000 km.[2]8) Nowadays all the rail are make of steel.[2]9) There are 3,000 Americans who likes to collect antique cars.[1]10) Does the railways play decisive role in the transportation of freight?[1]11) The crew of the plane consist in four people[2]. 12) Electrical equipment will produced in the France.[2]13) Was anybody advise you to enter in the Institute?[2]14) He return at home late often.[3]15) A lot of cars was parked in front the private law firm.[2]16) How often are trains run in our Metro.[1]17) Werner von Siemens was constructed first experimental electric locomotive.[2]18) What the equipment do this plant produces.[2]19) There are 12 bridges and viaducts at these railway line.[2] 20) The profession of an engineer require special training.[1].

Ex.22. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1) Лекция начнется в 8 часов, не опаздывай. 2) Все абитуриенты были разделены на три группы. 3) В какой аудитории вы обычно занимаетесь? 4) В следующем году количество студентов нашей академии будет увеличено. 5) Петр не сдал экзамен по иностранному языку, так как пропустил много занятий. 6) Новая станция метро была пущена в эксплуатацию в прошлом году. 7) Сколько студентов вашей группы получают стипендию? 8) Когда ты поступил в институт? 9) Двух первокурсников пригласили принять участие в научной конференции. 10) Я буду учиться на заочном факультете, так как не хочу бросать [to give up] работу. 11) В нашем институте есть несколько компьютерных классов, которые оборудованы самыми современными электронными устройствами [a device]. 12) Этот поезд останавливается только на крупных железнодорожных станциях.

TEXT A

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