I have locked the door.

Have you turned off the gas?

Is Mrs. Drouet in?

No, she has gone to the theatre.

Я замкнув двері (двері зараз замкнені).

Ви вимкнули газ?

• Місіс Друе вдома?

• - Ні, вона пішла в театр (зараз її нема, вона у театрі).

Час дії, вираженої дієсловом у Present Perfect, здебільшого не зазначається, тому що у центрі уваги результат дії, а не час її перебігу:

You have not told me the wholeВи не розповіли мені всього. story.

What have theydone? Що вони зробили?

You have read more thanІ. Ви читали більше, ніж я.

Present Perfect вживається також у реченнях з обставинами часу: а) що означають період часу, який почався в минулому і тривав до моменту мовлення: up to now, up to the present до цього часу; lately

нещодавно, за останній час; recently since відтоді; not yet ще не.

Up to now we have read three English books.

Have you seen him recently?

You haven't shown me your room yet.

I've not done anything since I left. Have you heard from your husband lately?

останнім часом; so far до цього часу;

До цього часу ми прочитали три англійські книжки.

Ви бачили його останнім часом?

Ви ще не показали мені своєї кімнати.

Я нічого не зробив, відколи виїхав. Останнім часом ви мали звістку від чоловіка?

б) що означають період часу, який ще не закінчився: today сьогодні;this week цього тижня, this month цього місяця, this year цього року, this morning сьогодні вранці та ін.:

My friends have notarrived today.Мої друзі не приїхали сьогодні.

Have youseen her today?Ви бачили її сьогодні?

Have youbreakfasted this morning?Ви снідали сьогодні вранці?

З цими обставинами часу вживається також Past Indefinite:

A letter came from them today.Сьогодні від них надійшов лист.

Present Perfect вживається також у реченнях з прислівниками неозначеного часу і частотності: ever коли-небудь, never ніколи, often часто, seldom рідко, already вже, just щойно:

I've oftenheard him tell the tale.Я часто чув, як він розповідав цю

історію.

Have you everthought about it?Ви коли-небудь думали про це?

We've justarrived. Ми щойно приїхали.

З цими прислівниками вживається також Past Indefinite:

І told you already...Я вже казав вам...

І neversaw him in all my life.Я жодного разу не бачив його в

своєму житті.

Present Perfect не вживається з обставинними словами та словосполученнями, які уточнюють час минулої дії, наприклад: yesterday вчора, the day before yesterday позавчора, last week (month, year)

минулого тижня (місяця, року), an hour ago годину тому, two days ago два дні тому, on Monday у понеділок, in July у липні, in 1945 у 1945 році тощо, а також у запитаннях з питальним словом when. З такими обставинами часу вживається Past Indefinite:

Вона поїхала два дні тому. Коли ви бачили її?

Present Perfect вживається для вираження дії або стану, що триває з якогось моменту в минулому аж до моменту мовлення. У цьому значенні Present Perfect вживається переважно з дієсловами, що не мають форми Continuous:

She went two days ago. When did you see her?

! have known her for years.

! haven’t seen you for a whole year. Where have you been sinсе last Thursday?

Has he been asleep all this time? How long have you been here?

! have long wanted to see you.

! have been here for a few days only.

Я знав її багато років.

Я не бачив вас цілий рік.

Де ти був з минулого четверга?

Він спав весь цей час?

Скільки часу ви перебуваєте тут?

Я давно хотіла побачитися з тобою. Я тут лише кілька днів.

Період тривалості дії здебільшого позначається прийменником for (for an hour протягом години, for ten years протягом десяти років, for a long time довгий час і т. п.), а початок дії — словом since (since live o’clock

з п'ятої години, since Monday з понеділка, since I saw him з того часу, як я його бачив і т. п.).

У підрядних реченнях часу й умови Present Perfect вживається для вираження дії, що закінчилась до певного моменту в майбутньому:

І cannot let you go till you have heard me.

You shall not go till you have told me all.

When you have found the land where there is happiness, І will join you there.

У цьому разі Present Perfect майбутнім часом.

Я не можу відпустити вас, поки ви не вислухаєте мене.

Ви не підете, поки не розповісте мені все.

Коли ви знайдете країну, де є щастя, я приєднаюсь до вас там.

перекладається на українську мову

2. Минулий перфектний час The perfect past tense active

Past Perfect утворюється з допоміжного дієслова to have у Past Indefinite та дієприкметника минулого часу (Past Participle) основного дієслова. Дієслова в Past Perfect не змінюються за особами й числами:

І (he, she, it, we, you, they) had worked.

В усному мовленні замість had вживається переважно скорочена форма ’d (апостроф + d), яка на письмі приєднується до підмета:

I’d (he’d, she'd, we'd, you'd, they'd) worked

У питальній формі допоміжне дієслово ставиться перед підметом: Had you worked?

У заперечній формі після допоміжного дієслова вживається заперечна частка not:

І had not worked.

В усному мовленні в заперечній і в питально-заперечній формах вживається також скорочена форма hadn’t:

Не hadn’t worked.Hadn’t he worked?

Вживання Past Perfect

Past Perfect вживається для вираження дії, що відбулася раніше іншої минулої дії, позначеної дієсловом у Past Indefinite:

І told you I had met her.

When she had closed the suitcase, she put on her coat.

In the darkness he couldn't see the man who had spoken it.

The sun had set and it was becoming dark.

Я казав тобі, що зустрічав її

(зустрічав її раніше, ніж говорив про це).

Закривши валізу, вона надягла пальто. (Вона надягла пальто після того, як закрила валізу).

У темряві він не міг бачити чоловіка, який сказав це.

Сонце вже зайшло. Смеркалося.

Форма was becoming dark виражає дію, що мала місце в певний період часу в минулому (сонце зайшло до цього періоду часу).

Примітки.

1. Під час переліку минулих дій у тій послідовності, в якій вони відбувалися, дієслова вживаються у Past Indefinite:

І opened the door, closed it andwent Я відчинив двері, зачинив і пішов into the bedroom.у спальню.

2. У складнопідрядному реченні зі сполучниками after після того як і before перед там як, перш ніж, коли немає потреби наголошувати, що одна дія передує іншій, і в головному, і в підрядному реченнях вживається Past Indefinite:

Не stood motionless after sheВін стояв нерухомо, після того як disappeared. вона зникла.

І was a schoolteacher before Igot intoПеред тим, як потрапити до армії, the army.я був шкільним учителем.

Past Perfect вживається для вираження минулої дії, що вже

закінчилася до певного моменту в минулому. Цей момент позначається

такими словосполученнями: by two o’clock до другої години, by that time до того часу, by the 1st of September до першого вересня тощо:

І had done my homework by eight До восьмої години я вже виконав o'clock. своє домашнє завдання.

Заперечна форма Past Perfect вказує на те, що до певного моменту в минулому дія ще не закінчилася:

І had not read the book by Saturday.До суботи я ще не прочитав

книжки.

We had not received the telegramКоли він приїхав, ми ще не when he arrived.одержали телеграми.

Past Perfect вживається для вираження дії, що почалася до певного моменту в минулому і тривала аж до цього моменту. У цьому значенні Past Perfect вживається переважно з дієсловами, які не мають форми Continuous:

When he came, I had been there forКоли він прийшов, я був там уже half an hour.півгодини.

After she had worked а little while,Після того як вона деякий час he went to her side and watched her.попрацювала, він підійшов і

спостерігав за нею.

У підрядних реченнях часу і умови Past Perfectвживається для вираження передминулої дії, що була майбутньою стосовно минулого:

She said that she would go home as Вона сказала, що поїде додому, як soon as shehad passed all her exams.тільки складе екзамени (вона

складе всі екзамени до від'їзду, а від'їзд був майбутньою дією у момент мовлення).

Не would sit with her tonight after Він сидітиме з нею сьогодні Mabel had gone. ввечері, після того як Мейбл поїде.

У цьому разі Past Perfect перекладається на українську мову майбутнім часом.

3. Майбутній перфектний час The future perfect tense active

Future Perfect утворюється з допоміжного дієслова to have y Future Indefinite та дієприкметниками минулого часу (Past Participle) основного дієслова:

І shall havedone. We shall havedone.

He З Youwill have done.

She } will have done. Theywill have done.

It J

У питальній формі перше допоміжне дієслово shall/will ставиться перед підметом:

Will he have done?

У заперечній формі після першого допоміжного дієслова shall/will вживається частка not:

Не will not have done.

В усному мовленні вживаються такі ж скорочення, як і в Future Indefinite:

I’ll have done; Ishan’t have done; Hewon’t have done.

Вживання Future Perfect

Future Perfect вживається для вираження майбутньої дії, що закінчиться до певного моменту або до початку іншої дії в майбутньому: You’ll have forgotten me by then.До того часу ви мене забудете.

I’ll have read the story by the time you come back.

У підрядних реченнях часу вживається Present Perfect.

Her room shall be ready before she has finished her tea.

We'll get a new flat when they have built the house.

Я прочитаю оповідання, поки ти повернешся.

та умови замість Future Perfect

Ії кімната буде готова, перш ніж вона закінчить пити чай.

Ми одержимо нову квартиру, коли вони збудують цей будинок.

4. Практичні завдання

Вправа 1. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у PastIndefiniteабо уPresentPerfect.

1. I ... (see) George a couple of minutes ago. 2. I... (lose) my glasses, help me to find them. 3. Now I ... (finish) my work, please have a look at it. 4. I...(never, see) such a rain. 5. We ... (not, see) our friends for a month. 6. Tom is a good student and...(learn) a lot this year. 7. Last week I. (make) an excursion to Cambridge. 8. During the last few weeks I ... (be) very busy. 9. What. (you, do) with my hat? It was here a minute ago. 10. Since 1950 our street ... (change) a lot. 11. He ... (be fast asleep) for three hours now. 12. Wait a minute! I ... (not, yet, finish) my meal! 13. When I was at Oxford, I ... (know) your brother very well. 14. Columbus .(reach) the West India in 1492.

15. Where . (you, be) all these weeks? 16. I remember what . (happen): on Saturday I . (have) a letter from aunt Susan. She . (tell) me she needed to see me. So I . (go) down to see her on Sunday.

Вправа 2. Запишіть такі речення в заперечній та питальній формах.

1. I have seen some new films since we saw each other last. 2. My friend had read some books of this author before he entered the Institute. 3. I’ll have finished this work by 7 o’clock. 4. I have never got a bad mark at the exam.

5. The group will have carried out the plan by the 1-st of November.

Вправа 3. Доберіть потрібну форму дієслова.

1. They began talking about the meeting that (take place) the day before.

2. By eight o’clock John (lock) the rooms. 3. They seemed not to understand what Nelly (say). 4. He thought that the travelers (to get off) at one of the stations. 5. The weather which (to be) good up to then changed. 6. He asked her how she (spend) her holidays. 7. He said he (have) a tiring day. 8. It was many years since I last (see) her. 9. When he (come) to see me I (to look through) all the newspapers. 10. By that time the train (to pass) the Volga river. 11. I told him that I (never, smoke). 12. I (not yet, do) half the work when he came.

Вправа 4. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова уPresent Perfect, та доберіть відповіді на питання за зразком.

You (wash) the plates? ~

Yes, I...

Have you washed the plates? ~

Yes, I have.

You (see) him lately? ~

No, I...

Have you seen him lately? ~

No, I haven’t.

1. Where you (be)? ~

I (be) to the dentist.

2. You (have) breakfast? ~

Yes, I ...

3. The post (come)? ~

Yes, it .

4. You (see) my watch anywhere? ~

No, I’m afraid I ...

5. Someone (wind) the clock? ~

Yes, Tom .

6. I (not finish) my letter yet.

7. He just (go) out.

8. Someone (take) my bicycle.

9. The phone (stop) ringing.

10. You (hear) from her lately? ~

No, I .

11. I just (wash) the floor.

12. The cat (steal) the fish.

13. You (explain) the exercise? ~

Yes, I ...

14. There aren’t any buses because the drivers (go) on strike.

15. You (have) enough to eat? ~

Yes, I (have) plenty, thank you.

16. Charles (pass) his exam? ~

Yes, he .

17. How many bottles the milkman (leave)? ~

He (leave) six.

18. I (live) here for ten years.

19. How long you (know) Mr. Pitt? ~

I (know) him for ten years.

20. Would you like some coffee? I just (make) some.

21. Mary (water) the tomatoes? ~

Yes, I think she .

22. You (not make) a mistake? ~

No, I’m sure I ...

23. Why you (not mend) the fuse? ~

I (not have) time.

24. You (dive) from the ten-meter board yet? ~

No, I .

25. You ever (leave) a restaurant without paying the bill? ~

No, I .

26. I (ask) him to dinner several times.

27. He always (refuse).

28. I often (see) him but I never (speak) to him.

29. You ever (eat) caviar? ~

No, I .

30. We just (hear) the most extraordinary news.

31. The police (recapture) the prisoners who escaped yesterday.

32. I (not pay) the telephone bill yet.

Вправа 5.

1. Дайте відповіді на запитання.

2. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Perfectабо у Past Simple tense.

1. Have you wound the clock?

1. Yes, I .

2. Yes, I (wind) it on Monday.

2. Have you ever eaten snails?

1. No, I .

2. Yes, I (eat) some at Tom’s party last week.

3. Has she fed the dog?

1. Yes, I think she ...

2. Yes, she (feed) him before lunch.

3. Have they repaired the road?

1. No, they ...

2. They only (repair) part of it so far.

3. Have they done their homework?

1. Yes, they (do) it all.

2. Yes, they (do) it before they left school.

3. Have you found the matches?

1. No, I .

2. No, I (not find) them yet.

3. Have you made the coffee?

1. Yes, I .

2. No, I (make) some yesterday: we can use that.

3. Have you been here before?

1. No, I .

2. Yes, I (be) here several times.

3. Have you seen him lately?

1. No, I .

2. No, I (not see) him since Christmas.

3. Have you been to the opera this week?

1. Yes, I .

2. Yes, I (go) to Faust on Friday.

3. Have you ever driven this car?

1. Yes, I (drive) it once or twice.

2. Yes, I (drive) it when you were away.

3. Has he missed his train?

1. No, he .

2. .Yes, he ... It (go) five minutes ago.

3. Have they been through Customs?

1. Yes, they .

2. Yes, their luggage (be) examined at Dover.

3. Has he spoken to her?

1. Yes, he .

2. Yes, he (speak) to her on Friday.

3. Have you spent all your money?

1. .No, I only (spend) half of it.

2. Yes, I ...

3. How much have you saved since Christmas?

1. .I (not save) anything.

2. .I (save) £3.

3. Has his temperature gone down?

1. No, it ...

2. Yes, it (go) down last night.

3. Have you seen his garden?

1. No, I (not see) it yet.

2. .I (see) the house on Monday but I (not see) the garden.

3. Have you paid the bill?

1. Yes, I .

2. Yes, I (pay) it while you were away.

3. Have you ever flown a plane?

1. No, I .

2. Yes, I (fly) when I was at university.

3. Has your dog ever bitten anyone?

1. Yes, he (bite) a policeman last week.

2. Yes, he (bite) me twice.

3. Have you planted your peas?

1. Yes, I (plant) them on Tuesday.

2. No, I ... yet.

3. Has he written to the paper?

1. Yes, he .

2. Yes, he (write) at once.

3. Have you ever drunk vodka?

1. No, I .

2. I (drink) it once in Russia but I (not drink) it since.

Вправа 6.Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Perfectабо у Past Simple tense,в деяких реченнях можливо вживання Present Perfect Continuous.

1. This is my house. ~

How long you (live) here? ~

1. (live) here since 1970.

2. He (live) in London for two years and then (go) to Edinburgh.

3. You (wear) your hair long when you were at school? ~

Yes, my mother (insist) on it.

4. But when I (leave) school I (cut) my hair and (wear) it short ever since.

5. Shakespeare (write) a lot of plays.

6. My brother (write) several plays. He just (finish) his second tragedy.

7. I (not see) him for three years. I wonder where he is.

8. He (not smoke) for two weeks. He is trying to give it up.

9. Chopin (compose) some of his music in Majorca.

10. When he (arrive)? ~

He (arrive) at 2.0o.

11. I (read) his books when I was at school. I (enjoy) them very much.

12. I can’t go out because I (not finish) my work.

13. I never (drink) whisky. ~

Well, have some now.

14. I (write) the letter but I can’t find a stamp.

15. The clock is slow. ~

It isn’t slow, it (stop).

16. Here are your shoes; I just (clean) them.

17. I (leave) home at 8.00 and (get) here at twelve.

18. I (do) this sort of work when I (be) an apprentice.

19. He just (go) out.

20. He (go) out ten minutes ago.

21. You (have) breakfast yet? ~

Yes, I (have) it at 8.00.

22. I (meet) him last June.

23. You (see) the moon last night?

24. The concert (begin) at 2.30 and (last) for two hours. Everyone (enjoy) it very much.

25. The play just (begin). You are a little late.

26. The newspaper (come)? ~

Yes, Ann is reading it.

27. The actors (arrive) yesterday and (start) rehearsals early this morning.

28. It (be) very cold this year. I wonder when it is going to get warmer.

29. Cervantes (write) Don Quixote.

30. Mr. Pound is the bank manager. He (be) here for five years.

31. You (be) here before? ~

Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year. ~

You (have) a good time? ~

No, it never (stop) raining.

Вправа 7. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи необхідну форму майбутнього часу.

1. In a fortnight’s time we (take) our exam. 2. I (finish) this book by tomorrow evening. 3. I’ll still be here next summer but Tom (leave). 4. I (finish) this job in twenty minutes. 5. By next winter they (build) four houses in that field. 6. At the rate he is going he (spend) all his money by the time he is twenty-one. 7. By this time next year I (save) £250. 8. By the time we get to the party everything (be) eaten. 9. The train (leave) before we reach the station.

10. If I continue with my diet I (lose) 10 kilos by the end of the month. 11. By the end of my university course I (attend) 1,200 lectures. 12. By the time that he leaves school his parents (spend) £25,000 on his education. 13. By the end of the term I (read) all twelve volumes. 14. When you come back I (finish) all the housework. 15. The police (hear) of the theft tomorrow. 16. We (drink) all that wine by the end of the year. 17. If we don’t hurry the sun (rise). 18. I’m going to Hyde Park to hear the people making speeches. 19. You’ll be too late. By the time you get there they (finish) their speeches and everybody (go) home. 20. By the end of the month 5,000 people (see) this exhibition. 21. On 21 October they (be) married for twenty-five years. 22. After this performance I (see) Hamlet twenty-two times. 23. The strike leader said, ‘By midnight 500 men (come) out on strike.’24. At your present rate you (burn) all that coal by the end of the month. 25. The treasurer said, ‘By the end of the year all our debts (be paint) off.’ 26. He (to watch) TV tomorrow from 2 till 4. 27. They (to work) in the garden at 7.

    5. Підсумкові тести з граматики

Теперішній, минулий та майбутній перфектні часи PerfectTensesActive

1. Доберіть потрібну форму дієслова.

1. My parents for this company since 1993.

a) worked; b) were working; c) had worked; d) have worked.

2. The bus before I reached the bus station.

a) left; b) leaves; c) had left; d) has left.

3. As soon as they breakfast, they ran out to play.

a) had finished; b) finished; c) has finished; d) finish.

4. My brother school 3 years ago.

a) leaves; b) had left; c)left; d) has left.

5. John in the school team for two years.

a) played; b) had played; c) has played; d) was playing.

6. In a fortnight ' s time we our exam.

a) had taken; b) will have taken; c) shall have taken; d) have taken.

7. He this book by tomorrow evening.

a) will have finished; b) will finish; c) will be finishing; d) has finished.

8 you already the plants ?

a) have ***watered; b) had ***watered; c) were*** watered; d) will have*** watered.

9. By the end of the next year I here for 25 years.

a) have been; b) shall have been; c) will have been; d) shall be.

9. He never to Paris.

a) has***been; b) had***been; c) was***been; d) will***have been.

9. After the stewardess lunch to the passengers, they calmed down.

a) served; b) was served; c) had served; d) has served.

9. I’ll still be here next summer, but Tom

a) will leave; b) will have left; c) leaves; d) will have leave.

9. They a new car since January.

a) had had; b) have had; c) were having; d) are having.

9. Yesterday afternoon it still when I got home.

a) was***raining; b) has***raining; c) were raining; d) had***rained.

2. Доберіть потрібну форму дієслова.

1. I never late for school.

a) had***been; b) have***been; c) was***been; d) shall have***been.

2. By next winter they four houses in this field.

a) have built; b) will build; c) will have built; d) build.

3. Hey! Somebody my coffee! My cup was full.

a) drink; b) had drunk; c) drank; d) has drunk.

4. By this time next year I 250 $.

a) shall have; b) have saved; c) shall have saved; d) saved.

5. She went to the post-office after she the letter.

a) writes; b) has written; c) wrote; d) had written.

6. She to Italy five years ago.

a) has gone; b) went; c) had gone; d) goes.

7. It to rain before she took a taxi.

a) had begun; b) has begin; c) began; d) begins.

8 you ever any serious illness ?

a)had***had; b) had***have; c) have***had; d) has***had.

9. He went to the cinema after he his dinner.

a) had had; b) has had; c) had; d) will have.

9. The train before we reach the station.

a) will leave; b) will have left; c) have left; d) leaves.

9. When I my seat-belt, the plane took off.

a) had fastened; b) have fastened; c) fastened; d) fasten.

9. The lecture just

a) has***begin; b) will have***begin; c) has***begun; d)had***begun.

9. We our work by 6 yesterday.

a) had finished; b) finished; c) have finished; d) finish.

9. By the end of the term Tom all twelve volumes.

a) shall have read; b) will read; c) will have read; d) has read.

3. Доберіть потрібну форму дієслова.

1 you ever a friend' s birthday ?

a) have***forgotten; b) had***forgotten; c) has***forgotten; d) forget.

2. The bell just

a) have***gone; b) will have***gone; c) has***gone; d) had***gone.

3. When you come back I all the housework.

a) shall finish; b) have finished; c) shall have finished; d) finished.

4. My friend London by the time I got there.

a) leaves; b) has left; c) had left; d) left.

5 you ever to her about it ?

a) had***spoken; b) speak; c) have***spoken; d) did***speak.

6. When we reach the Crimea we half of the journey.

a) shall have done; b) shall do; c) have done; d) will have done.

6. As soon as the children breakfast they went to school.

a) have had; b) has had; c) had had; d) had.

6. By the end of the month 5000 people this exhibition.

a) shall have seen; b) will see; c) will have seen; d) have seen.

6. When they arrived at the cinema the film

a) has started; b) had started; c) starts; d) started.

6. I you since 1985.

a) haven’t seen; b) hadn’t seen; c) didn’t see; d) don’t see.

6. I’m sure they the new road by June.

a) will complete; b) have completed; c) will have completed; d) complete.

6. Tom never to any foreign country.

a) will***be; b) have***been; c) has***been; d) had***been.

6. There was a strange silence after the man

a) has departed; b) departs; c) had departed; d) departed.

6. The mother dinner, before we came.

a) has cooked; b) had cooked; c) cooked; d) cooks.

4. Доберіть потрібну форму дієслова.

1. He Julia since the end of the year.

a) have known; b) has known; c) had known; d) knew.

2. If you don 't make a note of that appointment, you it by next week.

a) will forget; b) shall have forgotten; c) will have forgotten;

d) have forgotten.

3. How many pages you already ?

a) had***translated; b) has***translated; c) have***translated; d) will have***translated.

4. I about it yesterday.

a) have read; b)read; c) had read; d) was reading.

5. The girl said she this man in the neighborhood.

a) has seen; b) saw; c) had seen; d) was seeing.

6. By this time next month, all the roses

a) will die; b) will have died; c) have died; d) had died.

7. After he there ten minutes the door suddenly opened.

a) had waited; b) has waited; c) was waiting; d) waited.

8. I my work by the time you come.

a) shall finish; b) shall have finished; c) have finished; d) finish.

9. I already to him.

a) have***speak; b) will have***spoken; c) had***spoken; d) have***spoken.

10. He all by 3 o' clock yesterday.

a) has done; b) had done; c) did; d) was doing.

11. He will give you these journals after he them through.

a) has looked; b) had looked; c) looked; d) looks.

12. I their family last winter.

a) haven’t seen; b) hadn’t seen; c) didn’t see; d) don’t see.

13. He his cup of coffee before the phone rang.

a) had; b) was having; c) had had; d) has had.

14. They just all your questions.

a) had***answered; b) has***answered; c) will*** answer; d) have***answered

5. Доберіть потрібну форму дієслова.

1. He doesn’t know anything. He just

a) has***came; b) had***come; c) has***come; d) will have***come.

2. I here since my childhood.

a) have lived; b) lived; c) am living; d) live.

3. He all his exams by the end of January.

a) have taken; b) has taken; c) will have taken; d) takes.

4. They arrived at his flat a few minutes after Peter

a) has left; b) had left; c) left; d) leave.

5. When he saw her again she already the street.

a) was***crossing; b) will be***crossing; c) had*** crossed; d) has***crossed.

6. Today is Wednesday. He the whole crazy idea by Friday.

a) will forget; b) shall have forgotten; c) will have forgotten; d) have forgotten.

7. I can’t give you any answer, I the matter over yet.

a) hasn’t thought; b) haven’t thought; c) didn’t think; d) don’t think.

8. Mary already

a) is***returning; b) was***returning; c) has***returned; d) had***returned.

9. By that time tomorrow everybody to bed.

a) will have gone; b) shall have gone; c) have gone; d) will go.

10. We were hurrying because we thought that the bell already

a) had***rang; b) has***rang; c) had***rung; d) have***ringing.

11. Mr. Brown never to punish his children.

a) had***had; b) has***had; c) was***had; d) is***have.

12. This is the girl we at the theatre yesterday.

a) had met; b) meet; c) met; d) have met.

13. She this article by 5 o' clock yesterday.

a) has translated; b) had translated; c) translated; d) translates.

14. By the end of the next week they all ill.

a) have fallen; b) had fallen; c) will fall; d) will have fallen.

Граматика: Узгодження часів. Sequence of tenses.