Text 2 s cotland

The name Scotland is derived from that of the Celtic people (Scoti) who came across from Ireland during the 6th century. The Romans called these northern lands Caledonia.

The national symbol of Scotland is the Thistle. The flag of Scotland is called St. Andrew's Cross. The patron saint of Scotland is St Andrew whose feast is celebrated on 30 November. The national day of Scotland’s is St Andrew's Day.

S cotland is a mountainous country in the north of the island of Great Britain. The total land area, including all the islands (over 180), is about 80,000 square kilometres. The capital of Scotland and its second largest city is Edinburgh. Other largest cities are Glasgow, Aberdeen and Dundee. The population of Scotland is over 5 million people.

It would be a mistake to think that Scotland is merely an extension of England. Scots have always resisted attempts at English domination and they have preserved their national identity since the Union with England in 1707. Scotland is united with England by the fact that it is part of the United Kingdom with one monarch, parliament and currency. However, there are significant differences between the two countries in law, culture, education, religion, and even language.

T he country may be divided into three geographical areas: the Highlands, the Lowlands, and the Islands.

The most important river in Scotland is the Clyde, once famous for its shipbuilding. Scotland has the highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis (1,347 m). The rocks in Scotland are mainly granite, and are the oldest rocks on land in the world.

Scotland is a country of great variety and a rich heritage. Its attraction lies mostly in the great diversity of its landscapes. Scotland is distinguished from the rest of the UK by its abundant lakes (called lochs in the Gaelic language), spectacular mountains and hills, and ‘glens’ (valleys in Gaelic). The hill country and moorland are covered in short heather and mountain grasses.  Loch Lomond and Loch Ness (renowned for its mysterious monster) are probably Scotland's most famous lakes.

In the 19th century the historical novels of Walter Scott helped to create a romantic image of Scotland not only in England but throughout Europe. Queen Victoria spent much of the year at her residence in the Highlands, Balmoral Castle, and this helped to make the monarchy more popular in Scotland. The Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh is the official residence of the Queen in Scotland. However, Scotland is much more than a scenic attraction for tourists. It is a country with a growing economy as well as rich culture. 

DID YOU GET IT?

Say whether the following statements are true or false. Give the right answer if necessary.

1. The name Scotland is derived from that of a Germanic people.

2. The national day of Scotland is St Patrick’s day.

3. Scotland includes many islands.

4. Scotland is a low-land country.

5. Scotland was united with England in 1707.

6. England and Scotland have different currencies.

7. ‘Loch’ is a Gaelic word for ‘valley’.

8. People believe there is a mysterious monster living in Loch Ness.

9. Walter Scott helped to create a romantic image of Scotland in his historical novels.

10. Balmoral Castle is the Queen’s official residence in Scotland.