4 Семестр

1. Lexicology as a branch Linguistics

2. Principal approaches in linguistic science

3. Links of Lexicology with other branches of Linguistics

4. Lexical Units

5. Two approaches to the paradigm

6. Varieties of Words

7. Modern English Lexicology. Its Aims and Significance

8. Semasiology

9. Morphology. Morphemes. Morphological structure of English vocabulary.

10. Etymology. Etymological structure of English vocabulary.

11. Major types of word-building. Derivation and contraction.

12. Phraseology. Aims, tasks, history. Differentiation between phraseological units and free word groups.

13. Functional styles. Classification of English vocabulary according to functional styles.

14. Territorial varieties of the English language.

15. Classification of phraseological units. Etymological and semantic principle.

16. Theoretical grammar. Aims, tasks, connections with branches of linguistics.

17. Synonyms. Criteria of synonymy. Classification of synonyms.

18. Grammatical categories of a noun in English.

19. Homonyms. Sources of homonyms. Classification of homonyms.

20. Synthetical and analytical forms in the English language.

21. Lexicography. Aims, history. Types of dictionaries.

22. Grammatical categories of a verb in the English language.

23. Major types of word-building. Composition and conversion.

24. Grammatical categories of an adjective and an adverb in English.

25. Minor types of word-building in the English language.

26. Synonyms, homonyms, antonyms, euphemisms.

27. Functional parts of speech. Modal words.

28. Developing a new meaning. Change of meaning. Reasons and types.

29. Grammatical categories of a pronoun and a numeral in English.

30. Lexical and grammatical meaning of a word.

31. The main aspects of the language and the main branches of linguistics.

32. Classification of phraseological units. Koonin and Smirnitskiy.

Активные раздаточные материалы

(Hand-outs)

TABLE

History of the English language

From Paradise Lost by John Milton, 1667:

Of man's first disobedience, and the fruit Of that forbidden tree, whose mortal taste Brought death into the world, and all our woe, With loss of Eden, till one greater Man Restore us, and regain the blissful seat, Sing, Heavenly Muse, that on the secret top Of Oreb, or of Sinai, didst inspire That shepherd, who first taught the chosen seed, In the beginning how the Heavens and Earth Rose out of chaos: or if Sion hill Delight thee more, and Siloa's brook that flowed Fast by the oracle of God, I thence Invoke thy aid to my adventurous song, That with no middle Flight intends to soar Above the Aonian mount, whyle it pursues Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme.

Evolution of English pronouns

"Who" and "whom", "he" and "him", "she" and "her", etc. are remnants of both the old nominative versus accusative and also of nominative versus dative. In other words, "her" (for example) serves as both the dative and accusative version of the nominative pronoun "she". In Old English as well as modern German and Icelandic as further examples, these cases had distinct pronouns.

This collapse of the separate case pronouns into the same word is one of the reasons grammarians consider the dative and accusative cases to be extinct in English — neither is an ideal term for the role played by "whom". Instead, the term objective is often used; that is, "whom" is a generic objective pronoun which can describe either a direct or an indirect object. The nominative case, "who", is called simply the subjective. The information formerly conveyed by having distinct case forms is now mostly provided by prepositions and word order.

Modern English morphologically distinguishes only one case, the possessive case — which some linguists argue is not a case at all, but a clitic (see the entry for genitive case for more information). With only a few pronominal exceptions, the objective and subjective always have the same form.