Oil and gas industry
The economic importance of the fuel industry is very great: Oil and Gas are the most important mineral fuels extracted in our country. Oil and Gas are more convenient and economical types of fuel. Considerable geological reserves of oil and gas in our country are responsible for the rapid development of these industries. The eastern regions of RUSSIA contain the main reserves of fuel and energy. Many new large deposits of oil and gas have been discovered in Western Siberia, Ural and in other parts of the country. The Long-Term Energy Programme of RUSSIA invisages that the increase in the share of Siberian oil and gas will continue until, at least, the end of the current century. This will require not only additional efforts, but more financial resources. Oil is used in the production of fuel and lubricants, synthetic resins and fibres, plastiks, rubber and many other articles. We are faced with the task of transferring oil from the category of fuel into the category of chemical raw material. Gas is valued as a chemical raw material just as highly as oil. It is an easy substitute for oil in boiler houses as well as in the furnaces of electric power plants, and is convenient for everyday consumption. Today gas is widely used as a fuel in the home and as a raw material for the production of synthetics. The use of gas in some industries improved some production processes. Progress in the gas and oil industries will provide the country with the necessary resources for the acceleration of the technical reconstruction of national economy.
TOPICAL VOCABULARY
to extract mineral fuels - добывать минеральные виды топлива
the most important - важнейший
production of fuel and lubricants – производство топлива и смазочных материалов
synthetic resins and fibres – синтетические смолы и волокна
rubber - каучук
in the home - в быту.
Вариант 2
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1. The railroad commissioning was postponed till 2010. 2. The supervisory function has been handed over to Ministry of Energy of the RF. 3. The Tatarstan complex will include two refineries, one petrochemical plant for high sulfur crude processing and infrastructural facilities. 4. It is suggested that complex would also include refinery capable of processing 7 million tons of crude per year with aromatics production. 5. Earlier all infrastructure facilities were scheduled for commissioning in 2009.
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A consortium of energy firms and international shipping companies (to manage-Future Indefinite Active) the initiative, and a memorandum of understanding (to expect-Present Simple Passive) to be signed within three months. 2. Establishment of the pipeline (to bring-Future Indefinite Active) an increase of 20 percent in the amount of oil moving in the Mediterranean area. 3. Shipment through the Suez Canal (to limit-Present Simple Passive) to tankers with a maximum capacity of 130,000 tons. 4. The Pipeline Company (to consider-Present Continuous Active) participation in this $1.5-billion project as well, together with other international energy firms. 5. The initiative (to include- Simple Present Active) construction of a reservoir farm for storage of oil in Ceihan.
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The board of directors (has approved; has been approved) expansion of reservoir farm on the Ashkelon coastline by 20 percent. 2. The pipeline (uses; is used) to transport some 30 million tons of top quality `Azeri Light` crude oil annually. 3. According to our study, these systems (use; are used) in Russia most frequently. 4. The cost (expects; is expected) to reach an estimated $200-$300 million, and the company is already in final stages of partnership negotiations with Turkish firms and an Indian energy company. 5. Modern computer-aided pipe work design systems (CAD) (are applying; are being applied) to 3D-modelling more and more actively.
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The chair of the Pipeline Company told that initiative would constitute a breakthrough for the global energy market and the fabric of international relations. 2. The editor commented when that pipeline was built it brought oil northwards, more recently the pipeline had been adapted to transfer oil south. 3. Chief Strategist at Ural Equity Research considers that as a negative for the Russian oil industry in the short term, but in the long term, it could turn positive. 4. They underlined Russia could turn the situation to its political and economic advantage. 5. Chris Weafer wrote in his daily equity research letter with no further tax cuts planned for the oil industry, new Transneft projects such as the East Siberian-Pacific Ocean pipeline and the second stage of the Baltic pipeline system might lack crude volumes.
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Some Russian-based publishers print around 2, 000 copies, and circulate less. 2. Do you know anything about the business practices that technology is supposed to model? 3. At least you can get some idea of the cost you are paying per 1, 000 readers for your advertising. 4. At least his approach has some logic to it. 5. It will be too bad if no advertiser see any results. 6. No one can tell me how to make any of these presentations happen on a practical level.
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