The Northern English Type of English Pronunciation

The main distinctions of the Northern type of English pr-n, as opposed to RP, are as follows:

1. /æ/ is more open & more retracted back, as in /a/ (e.g. “back”, “bad”)

2. /a:/ is fronted compared with RP /a:/ & it approximates to /æ/ in words

“Glass”, “laugh”, “after”.

(c) / / is used instead of /  / (e.g. “cup”, “love”, “much”).

(d) /o / is pronounced as a monophthongal /o:/ (e.g. “go”, “home”).

(e) /e/ or / : / are pronounced instead of /ei/ (e.g. “may”, “say”, “Take”).